In some cases, this may be mandated by regulatory requirements. This is sometimes called keying "off-master". High-security areas in the facility sometimes should be keyed so that they are not part of the master key system. When using standard security lock cylinders, master keying makes the lock more susceptible to both "picking" and "bumping". Also, having such a key lost or stolen would require rekeying the entire facility - a very costly proposition. While it is very convenient for a manager to have a grand master key that opens every door on the premises, consider the damage that would be caused if this key fell into the wrong hands. There is always a trade-off between security and convenience. However, when designing a keying system, the following should be considered: The design of a keying system can be a very complex subject and this article just touches on some of the basics. This key would typically allow access to all areas and all departments in the facility. The key at the top of the chart is known as the "Grand Master Key". For example, in the chart above, the Administration Master Key would allow access to both the Accounting Department and Human Resources Department. These keys allow access to all of the areas or departments shown below them on the keying chart. The keys at the next level are known as "Master Keys". For example, in the chart above, the Accounting change key would only allow access into the Accounting Department, and the Human Resources change key would only allow access to the Human Resources department. These keys typically allow access to only a single area or department. The keys at the lowest level are known as "Change Keys". An example of a simple keying chart is shown below. This chart may be simple or complicated depending on the type of facility and total number of doors to be controlled. Once this process is completed, the hardware consultant will design the keying system and create keying chart. The process generally involves creating a matrix that shows all doors in the building, identifying all of the categories of employees that require access through these doors, and establishing which categories of employees need access through each of the doors. This process is normally facilitated by the architectural hardware consultant who is specifying the lock system. Once a type and brand of lock system has been chosen, the next step is to design the system and to determine how it will be "keyed". This allows locks to be upgraded to use high-security keys without requiring that the lock itself be replaced.) (High-security lock systems can be the exception to this rule - high-security lock cylinders can often be installed in locks produced by other manufacturers. Cylinders and keys are generally not interchangeable between brands, so once an organization picks one brand of lock and key, they usually need to stick with it. For example, a series of locks manufactured by the "XYZ Lock Company" probably comes with XYZ lock cylinders and XYZ keys. ![]() In many cases, selecting a lock manufacturer also chooses the type of lock cylinders and key that will be used. Once the type of lock system has been decided upon, the next decision is to choose a lock manufacturer. (See related article High-Security Locks for more information). ![]() High-security lock systems offer much greater security but are more expensive, available through fewer channels, and generally require that duplicate keys be obtained only through authorized distributors. A standard security lock system is less expensive, widely available, and offers more flexibility in the way that keys can be duplicated. The first decision is what type of lock system should be used, a "standard security lock system", or "high-security lock system". The first step in effective key management begins with the initial selection of the lock system. For these reasons, most organizations equip only a small percentage of their doors with electronic access devices, and install traditional locks on the majority of their other doors.īecause traditional locks and keys continue to be widely used, it is important that effective security management procedures be put into place to effectively control them. It is still much less expensive to equip a door with a standard lock than it is with any type of electronic access control device. ![]() Despite the widespread use of electronic card access control systems, most facilities still make extensive use of traditional locks and keys at their facilities.
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